Truth Magazine

By Aude McKee

Introduction:

I. In our lessons thus far, we have studied the establishment of the Lord’s church; its growth, departures from the divine pattern; the rise of the Catholic Church and some doctrines of Catholicism.

II. As the years rolled by, the Roman Catholic Church became more powerful and more corrupt. In this period from the 5th to the 15th centuries:

A. The Bible became virtually a sealed book. “The Bible was chained to the pulpit.”

B. Priest-ridden people were kept in ignorance.

III. As time went on, there were courageous voices raised against the corruption of Rome. These voices, protesting the excesses of Catholicism, eventually produced the “Protestant Reformation.”

Discussion:

I. The Underlying Causes of the Reformation.

A. Corruption within the Catholic Church.

1. Wicked popes.

a. The Catholic Question Box (pp. 483-4) readily admits that there were a “few unworthy popes.”

b. John XII was such a monster of wickedness that upon the complaint of the people of Rome, the emperor Otho caused him to be tried and deposed. The Pope’s reply was, “We hear that you want to make another pope. If that is your design, I excommunicate you all in the name of the Almighty, that you may not have it in your power to ordain any other, or even to celebrate mass.”

c. Benedict IX (1033) was more than once expelled from Rome by the people for his debaucheries, and finally sold his popedom to Gregory VI.

d. Alexander VI (1492) was elected through bribery, and history reveals no example of depravity that exceeds that of this “head of the church.” It is said that not one of the analysts of the Roman Church has breathed a whisper in his praise. Among his debaucheries, he is said to have given a splendid entertainment in the Vatican to no less than 50 public prostitutes. While popes never marry, yet this link in the “apostolic chain” is said to have acknowledged five children by a Roman matron.

2. Indulgences.

a. An indulgence was a document that could be bought for a sum of money and that would free one from the temporal penalty of sin.

b. During the dark ages, indulgences became a license to sin.

c. John Tetzel was the most notorious indulgence salesman.

B. Internal strife.

1. Division between the East and the West (1054).

a. When Constantine moved his capitol to Constantinople in 330, he paved the way for the separation of the Catholic Church into the East and West.

b. Difficulty arose over the use of the title “universal bishop.”

c. Then the two movements got at odds over:

(1) When to celebrate Easter.

(2) Celibacy. Priests in the Eastern church I marry.

(3) Bowing before relics, pictures, etc. The Catholic Church in the East removed all crosses from their buildings so they could not be charged with idolatry.

d. In 1053 the patriarch of Constantinople condemned the church in the West for the use of unleavened bread in communion. After prolonged discussions, the patriarch was excommunicated. The patriarch was not to be outdone so he excommunicated the pope of Rome. From this time (1054) the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches were separate.

2. “Babylonian Captivity.”

a. Early in the 14th century, a French archbishop was chosen pope due to a struggle over the right of kings to tax clergy and wage war. The headquarters of the Roman Church were moved to Avignon, France.

b. In 1377 the papacy was moved back to Rome and Urban VI was elected pope. He didn’t get along with the hierarchy, so they elected another pope, Clement VII, who moved the church capitol back to Avignon. But Urban VI continued to reign in Rome. Both popes claimed to be the legitimate successors of Peter and this split referred to as “The Great Schism” continued into the 15th century when the Council of Pisa (1409) deposed both the Avignon and Roman popes and appointed a third. The other popes refused to recognize this action and so for a while there were three rival popes. The Council of Constance (1414-1418) resulted in the elimination of all three and the election of one new pope — Martin V.

C. The Inquisition.

1. The Inquisition was an elaborate system of the Catholic Church to inquire into the beliefs of persons suspected of being heretics. People accused of being heretics were tried in the court of the Inquisition. If an accused person confessed and renounced his heresy he was reconciled with the Church on performance of penance. If he did not voluntarily confess,he would be subjected to torture, one of the most commonly used forms being the rack, which wrenched the legs of the victim. If torture failed to make the victim confess he was declared a heretic and turned over to the secular authorities to be burned at the stake.

2. The Inquisition existed from 1229 to 1834 and operated chiefly in Spain, Portugal, Italy, and France. Thousands were put to death because they dared differ with the Roman Catholic Church. In France, 930 Inquisitional sentences from 1308 to 1323 (15 years) show that 42 were put to death, 140 acquitted, and 748 were tortured.

II. Other Factors That Contributed To The Reformation.

A. The Renaissance – the re-birth of desire for learning.

B. Translation of the Bible into different languages so that the man in the street could read it.

C. Invention of the printing press by Gutenburg in 1454.

1. Prior to this, all books, including the Bible, were written by hand.

2. This made the price so high and the supply so limited that the common man could not afford to own any books -not even the Bible.

III. Forerunners of the Reformation.

A. Between 1000 and 1400 different groups arose as internal and external revolts to purify religion. Among them were:

1. The Albigenses.

a. They rejected the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. They put emphasis on the authority of the New Testament.

b. In 1208, a Roman Catholic Crusade was sponsored in an effort to wipe them out.

c. Not until the end of the 14th century was the Inquisition able to destroy them.

2. Waldenses.

a. A Puritan movement named after Peter Waldo.

b. Attempted to reinstate the Bible as authority.

c. The Roman Catholic Church reacted to this movement by excommunication, by forbidding the people to use Bible translations in their own Conclusion: tongue, and by the Inquisition.

B. Peter Du Bruys, France.

1. He contended for New Testament authority.

2. He opposed infant baptism, transubstantiation, etc.

3. He was burned at the stake in 1126.

C. John Wycliff (1320-13 84). England. “Morningstar of the reformation.”

1. “He anticipated the grand Reformation with a knowledge of the religious situation, with a perspicuity of genius, and by apostolic blows of radical reform, that shook the very foundations of the Papal edifice.”

2. He set aside Papal decrees by a direct appeal to the Word of God.

3. He denied transubstantiation, confirmation, extreme unction, auricular confession, indulgences.

4. He boldly asserted that presbyters and bishops were the same in the New Testament.

5. He translated most of the Bible into the English language.

6. He was excommunicated by the Catholic Church but he was allowed to die a natural death.

7. Some years after his death, Pope Martin V had his bones dug up, burned, and the ashes thrown in the River Swift. “The vicious spirit of apostasy would not let his bones rest in peace!”

D. John Huss (1369-1415), Bohemia.

1. Born of poor peasants – received a good education. Rose to the position of dean of the theological faculty of the University of Prague.

2. Came to appreciate the writings of Wycliff. “I am attracted to his writings, for all his efforts are to lead men back to the law of Christ.”

3. Pope then decreed that no one in the University could hold the doctrines of Wycliff. Huss continued his teaching in the chapel. He was then excommunicated.

4. He remained in the city and taught. Then the city was placed under interdict. Huss could not be harbored or fed. No priest could perform his duties in the city until Huss was expelled.

5. Huss then left the city but continued to preach in the country.

6. The Council of Constance (1414-18) brought him to trial. He was promised safe conduct and was supposed to be allowed to defend himself. His trial was a farce.

7. On his birthday, July 6, 1415, Huss calmly heard his sentence.

8. His priestly garments were ripped off, a miter of paper was placed on his head with this inscription, “A Ringleader of Heretics.”

9. His books were burned at the gate of the church and he was led to the suburbs to be burned alive.

10. As the flames leaped about him, he sang a hymn and then cried, “Jesus Christ, thou Son of the living God, have mercy on me.”

11. His ashes were then collected and thrown in the Rhine.

Conclusion:

1. Every movement of any consequence has had a foundation on which to build.

2. The Reformation was motivated by the corruption within the Roman Catholic Church.

3. The ground work was laid in renewed desire on the part of people to learn; in the invention of the printing press; and in the translation, publication and distribution of the Word of God.

4. But there had to be people; people who loved truth more than life!

5. There were men like Wycliff and Huss, but just as importantly, there were that host of common folk who wanted to know the truth and were willing to pay the price.

6. What kind of a person would you have been if you had lived back then?

7. What kind of a person are you now? Are you concerned about truth? Are you willing to pay whatever price is demanded in order to obey the Lord’s will?

Guardian of Truth XXXII: 15, pp. 454-456
August 4, 1988

By Harry R. Osborne

An interesting phone call came into my office this week. It seems one of the readers of our weekly newspaper articles recognized his church as the target of our words of admonition about worship. The article said that a church in this town, the name was not stated in order to protect the guilty, had invited a group to come in and pulverize blocks of ice in worship to God. Since he attends that church, our caller recognized that the article had it in mind. At first, he justified the practice by saying it was not a worship service. I referred him to their advertisement which said that it was and asked him to comment. He quickly decided that it was worship and wonderful worship at that in which he could see the Holy Spirit working. Although I would love to have been enlightened upon how one sees the Spirit working in ice cubes, wisdom dictated the need to get to more substantive matters. I asked how the Spirit of God could be active in the message of those whose speech opposed God’s Word. You see, the muscular ice bashers had preached that you need only “accept Jesus as your personal Savior” and you would be saved at the point of that belief. I then talked with him for a good while on what the Bible did teach about salvation.

After repeated admissions that he had no Bible passage upon which to base his thoughts, our caller began to get upset. Soon he took the position that all one needed to do was “love God and all men” and everything else did not matter. Further conversation made it clear that he did not have the biblical definition of love in mind, but a purely emotional “feeling of acceptance. ” When I asked why God would spend so much time in the Bible telling us to do things that did not matter, his answer was astonishing, He said, “All of that doctrine stuff about baptism, worship, and all that other stuff you’re talking about is just garbage! None of that matters at all!” I promise, that is exactly what he said.

I have thought about that statement repeatedly since the call and am still shocked. Can you imagine answering to God for calling doctrine of which he is the author “garbage”? The words of Jesus come to mind in this regard:

O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things. But I say unto you that every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned (Matt. 12:34-37).

There is a reason our words will be called into judgment – they declare the attitudes of our heart. If one does not respect God’s Word in the heart, his speech will show it. Few will go so far as to call it “garbage,” but their lack of respect for it will show in their speech.

With that in mind, it occurs to me that our caller merely took the final consequence in speech of the attitude upon which all of denominationalism is built. They readily admit that they do not strictly adhere to the teaching about and example of the New Testament church. Those who strive to do so are chided as “legalists.” Instead of such stringent “legalism,” they throw away the doctrine of the New Testament and practice their own desires. If they throw away the doctrine of the New Testament for their own desires, do they not in practice consider that doctrine to be “garbage”?

Notice with me for a moment some of the various doctrines of God that men have discarded as garbage:

Inspiration of the Bible: The Bible claims that every Scripture is inspired of God (1 Tim. 3:16-17). Not one single prophecy come by man’s will; all true prophets spake and wrote because the Holy Spirit moved them to do so (2 Pet. 1:21). Many times, the writers did not even fully understand what they spoke because the Spirit was in control of their message (1 Pet. 1:10-12). The Spirit controlled their message even to the point of choosing the very words of that message (1 Cor. 2:10-13). Yet men have thrown this doctrine into their refuse piles as they teach that the Bible is inspired just as Shakespeare was – nothing miraculous. Denominational seminaries are filled with this teaching.

Baptism: Christ said that it is essential for salvation (Mk. 16:16; 1 Pet. 3:21). The apostles taught that it was for the remission of sins (Acts 2:28; 22:16). The Bible teaches that Christ’s cleansing blood is applied at baptism (Rom. 6:3-7). One is made to be in Christ at the point of baptism, according to God (Gal. 3:27). Yet men have trashed God’s Word for their own thoughts about salvation by “faith only” (cf. Jas. 2:14-26).

The Church: The Bible teaches of only one church which has Christ as its head (Matt. 16:18; Eph. 1:22-23; 4:4). In all things, that church is to listen to the authoritative instruction of Jesus Christ (Eph. 4:1-16; 5:24; Col. 3:17). Its mission is spiritual (Eph. 4:12-16; 1 Tim. 3:15). The only authorized earthly organization of those saved people as the church is a local congregation (Phil. 1:1; 1 Pet. 5:2; Acts 20:17,28). Yet denominationalism has established huge, worldwide organizations to legislate and facilitate work which God never authorized in the New Testament. The biblical pattern has been tossed out, just like a useless piece of garbage!

Righteous Living By Christians: The Bible says that Christians should live soberly, righteously, and godly in this world (Tit. 2:12). Children of God should be characterized by the fruit of the Spirit (Gal. 5:22-25). Even the Christian’s attire should manifest the sanctification of his life (1 Tim. 2:9-10; 1 Pet. 3:3-6). The disgusting lifestyle of sin which exists in the world ought to be shameful to God’s people (Eph. 5:3-12). Yet most of the denominational world accepts or fails to condemn such sins as gambling, drinking, premarital sex, homosexuality, unlawful divorce and remarriage, foul speech, and a host of others. The denominations organized an ecumenical group called the National Council of Churches. One of its members is the Community Church which advocates and advances homosexuality. They have embraced the sewage of sin while laying waste the Word of God!

Our caller may have expressed it boldly in his upset state, but the denominational world has lived by the principle all along. They have made the doctrine of God the garbage of men! They did it the first time they threw the Word of God with the divine pattern for faith and practice aside and replaced it with their own and Satan’s devices. They continue to do the same thing today. Let all of those unwittingly caught in these churches of men take notice. Those who are charting the path and leading the charge in denominationalism have thrown the book of God away.

That leaves those of us who call ourselves Christians after the pattern of New Testament teaching with a decision. Either we stand up and fight every digression of man that would trash our Savior’s will, or join the junking. Satan’s world with his allies, the denominations, are daily laying waste the Word of God. Apostasy after apostasy from among our brethren has joined them. The last major apostasy of our liberal brethren signaled their trashing of the Scripture by saying, “We do many things for which we have no Bible authority.” They will not be the last. I hear all too many today laying aside God’s terminology from his word and adopting the language of the sectarian world. Unless they change their hearts, by their words they shall be condemned. We must with Joshua of old stand up and say, “But as for me and my house, we will serve God!”

Guardian of Truth XXXII: 15, pp. 449, 470
August 4, 1988

By Bob J. Walton

It’s that season of the year again; the “good ole summer time.” It’s that time of the year when many of us take that long awaited vacation. It’s the time for recreation, travel, and truly the time of the year to “have a good time. . “

And certainly if there was ever a time in human history when people can have a good time, it is now. While our grandparents worked from 60 to 80 hours per week, we plan our schedules around a 40 hour work week. Thus we all have more time on our hands for pleasure and recreation. And furthermore, with our technological age, there are so many things to help us have a good time; in fact, helping us have a good time has become one of the world’s leading industries. It is because of these factors that America has become a land of “enjoy the good life” as one catchy television commercial has put it.

From my study of the Scriptures, I am convinced that God wants us to have a good time; to enjoy the beauty of his creation. Our Heavenly Father has put so many things on this earth for us to enjoy, and to enjoy them is his desire. And to enjoy the things of God’s creation is recreation. With the everyday toils of life, we often become tired both mentally and physically; thus the word recreation conveys the thought of “re-creating” our minds, bodies, and energies.

One of the truly great books of the Old Testament is the book of Ecclesiastes. This ancient book teaches us how to have a good time. The theme of the book is “life under the sun,” or how to live on this earth. Six times in the book the writer admonishes man to enjoy life. “Behold that which I have seen: it is good and comely (fitting) for one to eat and drink and to enjoy the good of all his labor that he taketh under the sun, all the days of his life which God giveth him: for this is his portion” (Eccl. 5: 18). “There is nothing better for a man than that the should eat and drink, and make his soul enjoy good in his labor. This also I saw, that it is from the hand of God” (Eccl. 2:24). From these verses it is concluded that God desires that man work diligently and from the fruit of these labors he is to enjoy life. And we should always consider this as a gift from God. Thus a great lesson about life we need to learn is how to have a good time; how truly to enjoy life on this earth. And the individual who learns this great lesson can live a happy, productive, and successful life.

But with the expression “have a good time” there is also a grave danger. The danger lies in the abuses. We do not have to be reminded that there is another side of the coin; that side being dissipation. This word means “excessive indulgence in luxury and vicious pleasures.” So many today abuse the principle of having a good time and embrace the old Epicurean philosophy of “eat, drink, and be merry” in which this ancient Greek philosopher advocated, “the chief purpose of man is to achieve happiness, and true happiness is found in pleasure.” And so many today, under the guise of “having a good time” have turned the God-given privilege of enjoying life under the sun into an excessive indulgence of the sordid pleasures of life. And when this philosophy is embraced, it always leads to that which is injurious and debilitating to our physical, mental, moral, and worst of all, our spiritual happiness and well being.

So a real test is presented to the Christian. The challenge is for us to learn how to have a good time; how to enjoy the good life and the rich provisions God has provided for us. And while learning how to enjoy life we must, at the same time, learn to avoid that which is crippling to our physical, mental, moral, and spiritual health and happiness. And in order to meet this challenge we need to seek the proper guidelines for that which is proper. And certainly the guidelines are found in the word of God. We must, therefore, seek divine approval for all our recreational activities; the Bible does contain the answers. But while God’s word is specific on certain things that are wrong and prohibited, not all the “do’s and don’t” are specifically spelled out for us. But we hasten to declare that God has given us certain principles to direct us and help us in our search for what is right and what is wrong. And by applying these principles we can learn what constitutes recreation as well as what constitutes dissipation. Certain questions need to be asked and God’s counsel must be sought for answers pertaining to having a good time.

These questions and answers include:

(1) What about my companionships? “Evil companionships corrupt good morals” (1 Cor. 15:33). So I certainly must choose good company in my recreational activites. When the Christian associates with evil people in recreational activities there is always the danger of moral erosion; thus we need to be reminded that we cannot “run with them into the same excess of riot” (1 Pet. 4:4).

(2) What about my service to God? If having a good time interferes with my worship to God, my Bible study, prayer life, or any other phase of my growth and well being as a Christian, it becomes wrong. It is wrong because I am devoting my service and allegiance to something other than God and thus recreation become an idol.

(3) What about my influence.? One of the most precious things the Christian can possess is a good influence. “A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches” (Prov. 22:1). 1 should never do that which brings reproach on my family name and posterity, and more so I must never do that which brings shame to the name of my Lord and Savior.

(4) What about the indecent? A lot of recreation is indecent. And if that recreation or entertainment puts me in a situation where speech, action, or conduct are vulgar and coarse, and where evil passions and desires are stirred, it should be avoided. As a Christian, I should desire to keep my heart. pure and strive to keep my passions and evil desires in check.

(5) What about my financial means? I have a financial responsibility to material things (government, family, etc.) as well as a responsibility to God. And if I overload myself with “things” in order to have a good time and in so doing, strap myself financially God is so often the one who is robbed (Mal. 3:8) because financial responsibilities hinder me from giving as I should.

My friend, God never expected nor intended that we give up all the fun and enjoyment of living because we are Christians. It is completely foreign to the life of the child of God to just endure a life of morbid gloom. Likewise, it is a mistaken notion that Christianity is just a lot of “don’t do this and don’t do that. ” These are distorted ideas and untrue concepts of true religion. Contrary to this, we should live radiant, happy, cheerful, and truly enjoyable lives. We should learn to have a good time; to “re-create” our bodies and minds. But let us always regulate our lives in this respect so as to “prove all things; hold fast to that which is good; abstain from every form of evil” (1 Thess. 5:21-22).

Guardian of Truth XXXII: 15, pp. 462-463
August 4, 1988

By Louis J. Sharp

Two letters received from the Sylvan Hills church of Christ, Sherwood, Arkansas, have some revealing and disturbing statements. They are disturbing because they indicate a complete lack of understanding in regard to the work and organization of the church. They reveal a departure on the part of these brethren undreamed of thirty-five to forty years ago. We certainly did not think any of us would live to see churches of Christ publicizing and promoting a state or national convention of any kind, but we were wrong!

From the letter dated November 23, 1987, we quote:

The Sylvan Hills church of Christ is pleased to announce that we will host the 4th Annual Arkansas State Lads to Leaders and Leaderettes Convention on Saturday, March 5, 1988. We encourage you to begin now to make plans for sharing with us this special event.

The theme for this year’s convention is once again based on that of the National Convention. The theme for 1988 is “One Another Relationships. ” There are many scriptures that deal with how we are to treat one another.

The Bible Bowl book for study is The Old Testament Book of Exodus.

Please keep these in mind as you prepare for both the State and National Conventions.

From another quote, we learn of the origin of these Conventions:

We wish to express appreciation to the Downtown Church of Christ in Searcy, Arkansas for the excellent job they have done in hosting the State Convention from 1985-1987, with the first one originating there in November of 1985.

In the second letter, dated January 20, 1988, we learn something about Convention rules and pre-registration:

Award certification will be given to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places in each category. National Convention rules apply to all competition. . . Bible Bowl questions will be taken from the Old Testament Book of Exodus, and will be worded from the New American Standard Version.

Pre-registration fee is $6.00 per person. This includes the cost of the banquet and awards fee. This will be non-refundable. Please make your checks payable to Sylvan Hills Church of Christ.

Please bring at least one adult per five Lads/Leaderettes to act as judges and chaperones. Remember, ladies can judge Lads, but gentlemen cannot judge Leaderettes. (They may have trouble here. What about equal rights? L.J.S.)

In reading the above, I could not help but wonder, “Where do the elders come in?” If they are going by National Convention Rules, did the elders have a part in formulating those rules? Do they even know what the rules are? Remember, this is conducted by the church that is supposed to be under their rule and over-sight!

And where do we read of the church charging for any of its services? The pre-registrants were instructed to make their “non-refundable” checks to the Sylvan Hills Church of Christ. One reason this is so sad to me, personally, is I preached for this church in its very beginning, when two or three families desired to establish the church in their area. It is another example of a work I helped with thirty-five to forty years ago who consider me narrow and uninformed today.

How far must the departure be before there is an awakening among our brethren of years past? *e read of their sectarian and denominational concepts. I am reminded of the plight of the Jews who returned from Babylonian captivity. They began to inter-marry with the people of the land. “And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews language, but according to the language of each people” (Neh. 13:24).

We have a generation that knows not the language of Scripture. How different the admonition given by Paul to young Timothy:

Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in purity. . . . Take heed to thyself and unto thy doctrine, continue in them: for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself and them that hear thee (1 Tim. 4:12,16).

I agree our young people need training and guidance under the oversight of our elders, but not under the rules of a state or national convention. We are hearing the language of Ashdod today!

Brethren, we have drifted!

Guardian of Truth XXXII: 15, p. 453
August 4, 1988