Truth Magazine

By Steve Wolfgang

Marion G. “Pat” Robertson is probably best known now for his political aspirations as a candidate for the Presidency in 1988. In many ways, that is his natural habitat. Born March 22, 1930, the son of a former U.S. Senator from Virginia, A. Willis Robertson, Pat seemed to be on a programmed political success track: Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Washington and Lee University in his home town of Lexington, VA; Golden Gloves boxer; Marine Corps officer during the Korean War; graduate of Yale Law School; partner in a New York electronics firm.

But there were problems: he had failed his bar exam after law school, and his life seemed, according to his own testimony, “empty.” After a “conversion experience, ” however, he gave up what seemed a promising business career and entered Biblical Theological Seminary in Manhattan, working as a counselor during the Billy Graham campaign of 1957. Although a Baptist, Robertson preached in a Methodist church, and later became an early convert to the Neo-Pentecostal, or Charismatic, movement which was beginning to make inroads into more traditional non-Pentecostal denominations.

Often given to hyper literal interpretation of Scripture, Robertson, to his wife’s dismay, read Luke 12:33 and shortly thereafter sold virtually all their possessions, donating the proceeds to the poor. After a period as a church worker in a black ghetto in Brooklyn, Robertson found himself back in his native Virginia with an old DeSoto, $70 in cash, and intentions of taking over a small, defunct TV station “for Jesus.” With one camera and a weak UHF signal, station WYAH went on-air in 1961. And the rest, as they say, is history.

Robertson was the first of the religious broadcasters to use a talk-show format, to sign up commercial sponsors, and the first to build an entire religious network, using an entertainment format. Last year, his 24-hour CBN network, carried by 7,353 cable systems with 30 million subscribers, was the fifth largest cable-TV operation of any kind (not far behind first-place ESPN, with 36.9 million subscribers). His 700 Club runs twice daily on CBN (though Robertson has taken leave from the show to campaign), and appears on a paying basis ($20 million) on commercial stations in 185 cities, reaching a claimed 4.4 million people daily.

The cable system grossed $176 million in 1986, IRS records show $129 million in donations for 1985. In 1986, CBN passed American Airlines as the nation’s leading WATS-line user, keeping the “prayer lines” (and the money lines) open. CBN University includes the former Oral Roberts University Law School. All of this has allowed Robertson, like the other “televangelists,” to live quite comfortably (in this case, in a ministry-owned $420,000 house).

Though Robertson is becoming known as a politician – it is probably a mistake to discount his chances politically – he is undoubtedly the single biggest example of the growth of “Pray TV.”

Sources

Pat Robertson, Shout It From the Housetops (1972); Newsweek, February 17, 1986. Ed Harrell is at work on a biography of Pat Robertson.

Guardian of Truth XXXI: 12, p. 384
June 18, 1987

Recently I wrote a note to several TV evangelists asking that my name be added to their mailing list to receive whatever free publications they distribute. Since then, I have been receiving fund raising letters from every evangelist I wrote. Here are a couple of samples of what I am receiving:

This touching story I’m about to tell you is true! And I believe it is the key to your miracle.

My Dear Friend,

God has given me a Word for you. . .

. . . a divinely-inspired Miracle Plan to help you receive that miracle you or your loved ones need, today.

. . . And it has to do with this button I’ve enclosed (my letter had a button taped to the card with my address) I believe this little button is the key to your miracle from God! Let me tell you about the button. . .

The letter told of the minister’s visit to Guatemala, report of the poverty afflicting their citizens, God telling him to help the children, and the following appeal for money:

This little button I’ve sent you is your symbol of hope and faith that your miracle will come to pass as you help others receive theirs. Please don’t let the devil distract you from the needs of the world and rob you of your miracle. Send this little button back with your gift of $50 to help us mend the little children’s shirts and at the same time mend broken hearts . . . and help this ministry in everything else we are doing to reach the city, the nation, and the world for Jesus!

Another letter came a day or two later and was entitled “The Rainbow’s Promise.” It read as follows:

Beloved in Christ,

As a memento (sic) of our Anniversary, I am delighted to offer, for the first time, a most appropriate gift for all of my supportive (sic) friends and partners.

It is similar to the exquisite Cross offered at Easter Time, which looks like a miniature stained-glass window. Perhaps the most popular offer in the last 10 or 15 years, we had to replenish our supply four times to meet all the requests. . .

The first time I saw it, I was reminded of a supernatural visitation experienced by my late husband when he was just a babe in Christ.

After relating the supernatural visitation, the media evangelist told me how to get my dove in the rainbow.

To receive yours, simply mark the box on the prayer form, and it will be sent in gratitude for your offering. . . A number of my friends are giving $45.00, to commemorate each ministry year. Others are giving $23.00, honoring each year I have carried the ministry forward since my husband’s passing. A few creative folks have combined those figures and sent $68.00. Some are giving smaller and some larger gifts, but regardless of the amount, each sacrifice is appreciated so much.

Inasmuch as some of our audience might be moved by the divine touch of the Spirit to respond to these requests, I have volunteered to serve as a forwarding agent. Please send cash only! That way the IRS won’t be bothering me.

Mike Willis

Guardian of Truth XXXI: 12, p. 387
June 18, 1987

By Edgar J. Dye

My purpose herein is three-fold. First, to define “miracle” as used in the New Testament. Second, to demonstrate my faith in and acceptance of the miraculous as found in the New Testament. And third, to refute the modern-day miracle-worker’s claims that miracles such as the baptism of the Holy Spirit, tongue-speaking, physical healing of the body, etc., do not occur today.

Definition of Miracle

The word “miracle” in the KJV is a translation of the original word semeion (meaning, “a sign”), or dunamis (meaning, “power, powers, act of power, or mighty deed”), or teras (meaning, “wonder”). It is used in the New Testament to describe an act that is both contrary to and in addition to natural causes. So it may be defined as: “the instantaneous effects produced by the power of God in the suspension or alteration of natural law,” or “an extra-ordinary event or effect in the physical world manifesting a supernatural work of God,” and not just “an outstanding or unusual event, thing or accomplishment.” The latter we still have with us today on every hand, but not the former. Therefore, what many call miracles in our day are not, but simply natural (though unusual or outstanding, out of the ordinary) occurrences. The unusual is not necessarily miraculous. To be more specific, miracle means: “An interposition of immediate, instantaneous, supernatural power into the affairs of men which cannot be explained on the basis of any known natural laws.”

Miracles Through Human Agency A Fact of the Past

That Jesus Christ, while on earth, the apostles of Christ, and many Christians of the early New Testament church had miraculous powers and performed a variety of miracles is readily admitted by this scribe.

Jesus, during His personal ministry on earth, miraculously turned water into wine (Jn. 2); fed the 5,000 (Mt. 14; Mk. 6; Lk. 9); stilled the tempest (Mt. 8; Mk. 4; Lk. 8); walked on water (Mt. 14; Mk. 6; Jn. 6); cast out demons (Mt. 8; Mk. 5; Lk. 8); and raised the dead (Lk. 7; Jn. 11).

Besides the above, He miraculously healed a variety of physical afflictions, such as blindness, dumbness, lameness, leprosy, epilepsy, dropsy, withered hands, and curved spines. In fact, without fail, He manifested and demonstrated miraculous powers in the five fields of nature (Mt. 8:26); disease (Mt. 4:23); demons (Mt. 8:16); material things (Mt. 15:15-24); death (reversed it, Jn. 11:43, “; inflicted it, Acts 5:1-11).

Also, “the signs of an apostle” (2 Cor. 12:12; Acts 5:12) were wrought among the people on every hand and in a variety of ways, such as healing the lame, the crippled and the sick (Acts 3; 14; 28:8-9); inflicting blindness (Acts 13); imparting the Holy Spirit to baptized believers (Acts 8:14-18); suffering no harm from deadly vipers (Acts 28:1-6); and raising the dead (Acts 20:9-12).

Early Christians were promised, did possess, and manifest miraculous powers (Mk. 16:17,18; 1 Cor. 12, 13, 14). One thing all these miraculous deeds had in common is the fact that they were all performed by God through human agency or human instrumentality and were in time past, not the present.

Miracles: Their Purpose

Such miracles had a very definite but limited purpose or purposes which have a direct bearing on the duration of miracles through human agency, as well as on the bogus claims of modem-day miracle-workers.

In the case of Jesus they were to establish and confirm His Messiahship and to produce faith in Him as the Son of God and Savior of sinners (Jn. 5:36; 3:2; 10:25,37,38; 14:10,11; 20:30,31; Acts 2:22; 10:38; Mt. 3:16,17; 17:5; Mk. 2:4-12). In the case of the apostles of Christ they were to establish and confirm the divine authenticity of their message of salvation, to enable them to receive and reveal God’s word to men, and in order to make believers of their hearers (Mk. 16:19,20; Heb. 2:3,4; Jn. 20:30,31; 14:26; 16:13; Acts 2:32,33; 4:16,29-33; 5:12-16; 8:6-13; 19:11-20; Phil. 1:7). Also, they were to protect them until their mission was fulfilled (Acts 28:1-6; Mk. 16:18a). In the case of the early New Testament Christians they were for the purpose of enabling them to carry on their spiritual work in the absence of an inspired apostle and before the will of God was revealed fully in written form (Rom. 1:11; 1 Cor. 12, 13, 14; Eph. 4:11-15).

Miracles were not a part of “the fruit” as such, but rather given to bear testimony to the Son of God and to “the faith of Christ,” the gospel of God, which is God’s power unto salvation to believers, both Jew and Gentile (Mk. 16:19,20; Heb. 2:3,4; Acts 10, 11, 15). Modem-day miracle-workers (?) neither recognize the divine purposes of miracles through human agency, nor do they believe Bible teaching regarding them. While New Testament miracles were used to confirm the divinely revealed spoken word, the so-called modern-day miracle-workers try to reverse the procedure by trying to use the divinely revealed and confirmed spoken word to confirm their bogus miraculous claims. The claims of such miracle-workers are totally unsubstantiated, wholly unreliable, and absolutely false because they are completely out of harmony with Bible teaching on miracles through human instrumentality!

The Age of Miracles Through Human Agency Has Ceased

The modern-day miracle-workers (?) lay claim to that which was never promised to believers in general; namely, Holy Spirit baptism, which was promised to the apostles only (Lk. 24:44-49; Acts 1:1-8,26-2:4); they have no proof of, cannot, and have never been able to, demonstrate proof of their claim of healing the sick. They also pervert New Testament teaching on tongue-speaking, which was the ability by divine aid to speak human languages which they had not learned by the natural, normal means of study (Mk. 16:17; Acts 2:4,6,8,11; 1 Cor. 14:13,27,28). The kinds of tongues spoken by modern claimants are not languages of men but some unintelligible, uninterpretable jargon or gibberish wholly unknown to and contrary to Bible teaching about tongue-speaking. Even if they claimed to mean and do only what the New Testament teaches that Christians of the apostolic period did in the performance of miracles, their claim must still be denied and refuted because the Bible teaches that the age of miracles through human agency has ceased to exist.

1 Corinthians 12 enumerates the spiritual gifts available to early Christians. 1 Corinthians 14 regulates their use when they were in force. And 1 Corinthians 13:8-13 reveals their duration or how long they were to exist and when they were to cease. We herein affirm, and offer several reasons why we affirm, that these spiritual gifts and the age of miracles through human agency have ceased.

They have ceased because the need for such gifts has ceased. The need ceased because their purposes have been fulfilled. The basic purposes of miracles in any age of Bible history, from Creation to and including the New Testament age, were to start things and to reveal and confirm the truth, God’s will and way in the matter started. Once started, revealed, and confirmed, the purposes of the miracles connected with the events were fulfilled and they ceased to function. This includes their purpose in the cases of Jesus Christ, His apostles and their message and work recorded in the New Testament, and early New Testament Christians referred to earlier.

They have ceased to exist because the means of obtaining them has ceased. There never has been more than two ways to receive the personal indwelling of the Holy Spirit and miraculous gifts such as tongues and physical healing through human agency – that of directly from heaven, as in the case of the apostles and the household of Cornelius (Jn. 14:26; 16:7-14; Lk. 24:47-49; Acts 1:4-8; 2:1-4; 10:44-48; 11:1-8; 15:7-9); and that of receiving them through the medium of the laying on of the apostles’ hands (Acts 6:68; 8:14-19; 19:1-6; Rom. 1:11; 1 Tim. 4:14; 2 Tim. 1:6).

Since spiritual gifts are not bestowed upon anyone today directly from heaven; since the baptism of the Holy Spirit was limited to the apostles of Christ; and since we have no apostles of Christ living in the flesh today to confer them on anyone, both the means and the gifts have ceased.

We affirm they have ceased to exist or to be operative today because it is a matter of New Testament prophecy (1 Cor. 13:8-13). Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:1-7 declares the enduring quality of love – the most excellent way – in contrast to the transitory nature of spiritual gifts. He declares in 1 Corinthians 13:8-13 that love never fails, but the gifts which are transitory will pass away. Whether these gifts be prophecies, tongues or miraculous knowledge, they win pass away (v. 8). Then v. 9 states why this must be: We know in part now (that is during the age of these gifts) and we prophesy in part. And v. 10 teaches that these transitory gifts which are in part will pass away when the perfect (completed thing) comes.

Then in w. 11, 12, he illustrates the meaning of this contrast. V. 11 illustrates it by referring to the time when he was a child and the time when he had become a man. The time when he was a child, speaking, feeling and thinking as a child, corresponds to the time when the church had spiritual gifts. The time of manhood, when he put away all that belonged to childhood, corresponds to the transitory spiritual gifts that were done away with when the complete revelation of God came, much like the scaffolding used to build a house is done away when the house is finished. In v. 12 he again illustrates it by referring to the contrast between seeing in a mirror and seeing face to face. The period of spiritual gifts which were in part corresponds to the imperfect reflection in a mirror, with “now” referring to the time when the church had the gifts. The completed thing (the Bible, the complete revelation of God’s will) corresponds to seeing face to face, with “then” referring to the time when the complete revelation had come.

Finally, in v. 13, he sums up this important lesson on the most excellent way of love, where he mentions “faith,” “hope,” and “love,” as the three things that abide “now,” i.e., after the gifts have passed away and that which is perfect has come. “Now” in v. 13 refers to a logical sequence, not to time. It is not temporal, but logical, meaning “in this condition of things, these things being so.”

One final proof that miracles through human agency have ceased is the fact that they are not present today and no one can demonstrate that they are! That they were at one time doesn’t prove they are presently in existence, nor that God intended for them to be!

Guardian of Truth XXXI: 12, pp. 365-367
June 18, 1987

By Donnie V. Rader

I rarely watch the television evangelists. So, when I received my assignment (latter part of February) to examine the work of Jim and Tammy Bakker, my first response was “Who are Jim and Tammy Bakker?” Within three weeks the whole world not only knew who they were but also watched as their empire crumbled.

Who are Jim and Tammy Bakker? What have they accomplished in TV evangelism? What do they teach? What is Heritage USA and how does it relate to their philosophy? What has happened to them recently? We shall attempt to answer these questions in this article.

Heading An Empire

Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker, identified with the Assemblies of God, headed an empire that they had built over 13 years. Their enterprises include the PTL (for Praise The Lord and People That Love) network that is carried by cable into 13.5 million homes and a daily talk show (“Jim and Tammy”) broadcast over 178 stations. PTL is a 500,000 member (“prayer partners”) ministry. In addition they had the Heritage USA amusement park.

All of this brought in $129 million for the Bakker’s last year. The financial statement that was distributed by PTL’s new head, Jerry Falwell, revealed that PTL has assets of $172 million and total current liabilities of $42.1 million. Another long term debt was $28.2 million. Falwell said that the new board is considering a $50 million loan from an unidentified source in Great Britain to consolidate its debts.

In addition to the above programs Bakker has a Heritage home for unwed mothers, a new home for handicapped children, 819 “People That Love” centers to aid the needy and outreach programs in 52 countries.

Obviously with all of this Bakker’s real job is to beg for more and more money to operate and enlarge his empire. This is very much in contrast to the work of Christ and His apostles. I don’t recall reading a word about anyone of them begging their listeners for large sums (making them “partners”) to service a large empire.

The Bakker’s have obviously lived like people who headed an empire. They have lived in luxury and sanctified the use of diamonds and riches. They own a Spanish-style home near downtown Palm Springs, another home just ten miles away in Palm Desert, CA for which they paid $449,000 a few years ago. They have bought a houseboat, mink coats, sports cars, a $375,000 condominium in Florida and $60,000 worth of gold plumbing fixtures to put in it and matching Rolls-Royces. Tammy Faye also markets her own line of cosmetics and hosiery.

Without a doubt this couple has glamorized wearing flashy clothing and the show of riches (a striking contrast to the attitude of Christ and His apostles). They did not give such emphasis to material wealth (Phil. 4:11; Matt. 19:16-22; 6:19-34).

Their Teaching

If you watch their shows you find very little teaching. Most of the time is spent in singing, giving of testimonies and begging for more money. However, they are basically Pentecostal. They believe and teach that believers today are baptized in the Holy Spirit and thus miracles are performed today. As true of practically all Pentecostals their concept is that the miracles are for the betterment of mankind. To the contrary Jesus stated that the purpose of miracles was to confirm the message (Mk. 16:20). If miracles were merely for the good of man, why were there so many that were not healed (cf. Phil. 2:25-ff; 2 Tim. 4:20)?

Their philosophy goes further than just the belief in miracles today. Like many of the TV evangelists, the Bakker’s teach a “health and wealth” gospel. They believe that those who have faith and are cheerful givers can expect material prosperity as a reward. Jim Bakker has said, “Jesus does not teach poverty.” Part of the theology is that good health is also a reward for faithfulness. Thus, faith not only solves spiritual separation, but also physical disease and financial distress.

The Bakker’s are supposed to be examples of what faith and cheerful giving can accomplish. When their listeners see the affluent lifestyle they have and desire the same, they are promised both health and wealth if they believe and give.

When we look to the Bible, instead of Jim Bakker, we see that faith and salvation does not promise prosperity (Acts 4:34; 11:29). Neither is there any promise that the faithful will not be sick. In fact, there are examples of faithful Christians suffering because of their faith (Heb. 10:35-39; 11; 12:6; 1 Pet. 4:12-16).

The consequences of the “health and wealth” theology would be that if you are either poor or in bad health you either do not have faith or are not giving as you should.

But Bakker takes his philosophy a little further than some of the others in building the Heritage USA amusement park as a work of God.

The Lord’s Amusement Park

What is it? It is a 2,300 acre spread just south of Charlotte, NC that cost about $175 million. It has the luxurious Heritage Grand Hotel. Inside just above the registration desk golden gothic letters proclaim “Jesus Christ is Lord.” Mornings begin with a wake up call that says, “This is the day the Lord has made.” The rooms are decorated with pictures of Jesus and Mary. You can stay three nights for free if you are a Lifetime Partner (one who has donated $1000). Otherwise, a double occupancy room would cost up to $140 per night.

One of the biggest attractions is Heritage Island, a $12 million water park that has the world’s largest wave pool and a 52 foot water slide which sends people sliding at 40 miles per hour. Like other resorts, Heritage offers tennis, horseback riding and camping. In addition they have baptisms every Tuesday night in the hotel swimming pool, a Christian dinner theater, a high-tech Passion play in the Heritage amphitheater and a wafers-and-grape juice communion service at 2 in the morning.

Bakker was not through building. He had plans to build a multimillion dollar theme park and a king size Wendy’s restaurant shaped like a sand castle and a full-scale replica of Jerusalem as it was in the time of Christ.

In 1985 five million people visited Heritage USA. In 1986 there were six million.

Bakker claims God directed him in building Heritage USA. He claims to be doing a work of God in his amusement park adventure. While Jim Bakker may think God told him to do this work, in actuality it was all his own dream. Bakker, a third-generation preacher in the Assemblies of God, spent his summers as a youngster at Pentecostal camps meetings where families vacationed in cabins and swam, among other activities. Bakker told Newsweek magazine, “Many of our campgrounds were built during the touristcabin era and that’s where they stayed. But society went to the Holiday Inn, and our campgrounds didn’t keep up. My dream was to bring the Christian campground up to the 20th century” (Aug. 11, 1986).

Heritage USA has received its criticism. Jimmy Swaggart, also with the Assemblies of God, has been critical of Bakker’s project for some time. Recently when accused of trying to take over the PTL organization Swaggart replied that he was not in the water slide business (700 Club, March 24, 1987). He told the Associated Press, “The Gospel is not entertainment. It is very sober. It has no place for amusement parks” (March 27, 1987).

I talked to one young man whose mother is a lifetime Partner which enabled him to take his family to Heritage for a week last year. He was critical of the high cost of just eating and participating in the activities. That was with his stay at the hotel being free. His comment was interesting and worthy of consideration. He said that if God directed Jim Bakker to build this park it looks like God just left the poor man out. If God wants people to have fun in the name of religion, why charge $140 per night to stay at Heritage? Why not provide it free so all can enjoy and benefit?

Heritage USA ministers to the physical side of man. It is the social gospel concept. While I disagree with much that Swaggart says, I must say amen to his statement that the gospel is sober and is not entertainment. It is directed to man’s spiritual needs. Jesus rebuked some who were following him just for the food he had given them and pointed out that their real need was to labor for the meat that “endureth unto everlasting life” (John 6:27). Jesus also said, “The words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life” (v. 63). His gospel is spiritual in application. He told Pilate that the kingdom was not of this world (John 18:36). The gospel calling is an “heavenly calling” (Heb. 3:1). The church at Corinth was rebuked for doing social and recreational things in the name of religion (1 Cor. 11). The apostle Paul said that the kingdom “is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost” (Rom. 14:17).

While Jim Bakker spends his time building theme parks you will not hear him preaching the kind of sobering sermons you find recorded in the book of Acts. Hotels and water slides don’t do one thing for saving souls. The preaching of the pure gospel will (Rom. 1:16).

To give, visit and buy is doing service to God. Heritage vice president Neil Eskelin said, “Bible-believing, Christ loving people think they’ve found nirvana here.” A visit will bring spiritual renewal. As they plug the park on their TV shows you are made to feel that you are doing a service unto God if you will give $1000 or visit their “holy Disneyland.” I enjoy a visit to places like Kings Island or Opryland as much as anyone. But I never thought of that as a part of my service unto God. If the Bible is to be our standard for determining what we believe and do in religion (as it is Col. 3:17), then a search for anything even similar in the New Testament would be in order. I must confess that I haven’t found anything akin to Heritage USA. I don’t remember anything about Paul’s “Antioch Fun Park.” Can you imagine such? “The Antioch Grand Inn: donate 1000 gold shekels and you can stay three nights free; otherwise it would cost 30 gold shekels a night. Ride the waves and swim in the Mediterranean Sea. Camel rides are also available.”

Recent Shakeups In The Empire

Tammy Faye announced March 9 that she has a drug problem. She became dependent on drugs she had taken for a sore throat and pneumonia. This, she confessed, went back for 17 years. She blamed the doctors who asked her to stay off the TV for one year.

Jim resigned from PTL March 19 over a sex scandal. He said he was “wickedly manipulated by treacherous former friend who “conspired to betray me into sexual encounter.” He confessed that he “succumbed to blackmail.” He referred to an 1980 incident in Florida with 21-year-old Jessica Hahn, a church secretary. Apparently, PTL had paid Hahn $115,000 in 1985 and was paying her another $150,00000 in $800 to $1200 payments to keep the story quiet. It is interesting that Jim blamed his former friends. However, his successor, Jerry Falwell said Bakker’s actions were “wrong, wrong, wrong.” He also told Cable News Network (March 20), “It doesn’t really matter whether someone seduced you or you raped someone. If you’re a man of God, a leader of the flock (and) you yield, as far as I’m concerned, you’ e out of the ministry.”

Because Jimmy Swaggart had asked church officials to investigate Bakker, he was accused by Bakker’s attorney of trying to take over the PTL ministry. Swaggart has denied, but charged that Bakker was “a cancer on the body of Christ” that had to be removed.

Jerry Falwell is now chairman of the PTL board which is interesting because Falwell is a fundamental Baptist. He preaches a more sober gospel and is not carried away with the “health and wealth” and “good-time” gospel that Bakker has preached. Falwell has been uncomfortable with the Pentecostalism that has characterized Bakker, Oral Roberts and others.

What effect will this have? Falwell said that this might create a “backwash that could hurt every Gospel ministry in America, if not the world” (Time Magazine, March 30, 1987). George Gallup Jr. (of Gaft Poll) warned: “There have been extravagances and questionable tactics, and surely this has soured people’s attitudes toward giving, and toward Christianity” (Time Magazine, March 30, 1987). To say the least, the general public will be more skeptical of religion.

(A special thanks to brother Ted Mitchel of Frankfort, KY for supplying some magazine articles which were very helpful.)

Guardian of Truth XXXI: 12, pp. 362-364
June 18, 1987